Informatics Publishing Limited

Manish Kumar Jain ¹, Simmi Jain ¹, S. Banerjee ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Biotechnology, Dr. H.S. Gour University, SAGAR (M.P.), IN

Abstract

In this study, antagonistic effects of Bacillus subtilis and Trichoderma harzianum isolated from Rhizosphere of chickpea were evaluated against Fusarium oxysporum as potential biocontrol agents in vitro and in vivo. Fungal inhibition tests were performed using plate assay. Isolates were selected according to their high antagonistic efficiency in in vitro which was shown as inhibition zones in the dual-culture assay. Bacillus subtilis was isolated in cyst form and is transferred to inert carriers like peat, lignite ore or can be transferred to liquid medium. In lab conditions (controlled) seeds of chickpea are 20 treated directly with Bacillus sp. culture and dried for a while and treated with cultures (generally spores) of Trichoderma sp. These treated seeds are sown in earthern pots containing black soil having few spores of Fusarium oxysporium (MTCC, Chandigarh). Observations are made after every 2-4 days. Combined application of Bacillus subtilis and Trichoderma harzianum has synergistic effect on the growth of Fusarium oxysporium in in-vitro environment. Our results indicate that PGPR improve growth parameters in this plant and can help in the biocontrol of pathogen.

Keywords

Chickpea, Bacillus subtilis,Trichoderma harzianum, Fusarium oxysporium, Legume, Antagonist.

Full Text

     

Shiv Kumar Yadav ¹, Manish Kumar Jain ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian School of Mines, Dhanbad 826 004, IN

Abstract

Occupational particulate matter (PM) concentrations were measured during November 2014 along a road network in the mining and non-mining areas at Jharia coalfield, Dhanbad, Jharkhand, India. The monitoring was conducted for a week in the peak time using a portable GRIMM (model 1.109) aerosol spectrometer. Measured PM was designated as inhalable, thoracic and alveolic particles for aerodynamic diameter 10- 34, 4-10 and less than 4 m respectively. The main sources of PM along the roadside in the study area were mining operations as well as heavy traffic and resuspension of road dust. Concentration of inhalable particles was maximum at Bankmore (BMO), whereas concentration of thoracic and alveolic particles was maximum at Katrasmore (KMO) in the mining area. Concentration of all three types of particles was minimum at the Indian School of Mines in the non-mining area. The distribution curves of inhalable particles were positively skewed and platykurtic in nature, whereas for thoracic and alveolic particles these curves were positively skewed at all locations, except BMO and also platykurtic in nature, except Godhar (GDR). Contribution of alveoli particle sizes for 0.375 and 2.750 μm was observed to be significant in the mining area, whereas thoracic particle size for 5.750 μm and inhalable particle size for 22.500 μm were also observed to be higher in the mining area, except Matkuria check post and Kustaur. The results reveal that residents and local passengers were exposed to a prodigious amount of inhalable, thoracic and alveolic concentrations in the mining area, mostly at BMO, GDR and KMO.

Keywords

Open Cast Coal Mining, Particulate Matter, Road Network, Traffic Volume Count.

Full Text

   

Jitin Rahul ¹, Manish Kumar Jain ¹

Affiliations
1 Centre of Mining Environment, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian School of Mines, Dhanbad-826004, Jharkhand, IN

Abstract

Environmental pollution of heavy metals from automobiles has attained much attention in the recent past. Plants are known to bind carbon-dioxide (CO₂) through photosynthesis, and they have become an invaluable tool in attempts to minimize air pollution. In India, some highways and national highways are covered by common plant species, but the plants (Azadirachta indica, Bougainvillea spectabilis, Cassia fistula, Ficus religiosa and Polyalthia iongifolia) are subjected to air pollution by heavy metals (Ni, Pb, Cr, Zn, Cu, Cd). These metals are released during different operations of the road transport such as combustion, component wear, fluid leakage and corrosion of metals and other activities (minerals mining, stone crusher industries). The majority of the heavy metals are toxic to the living organisms and even those considered as essential can be toxic if present in excess. The heavy metals can impair important biochemical processes affecting the plant growth and development. Traffic-related pollutants have detrimental effects on the environment. However, the effect of these heavy metals on plants is not well known. The study aimed to comparatively analyse the anatomical and morphological changes in roadside plants and heavy metal accumulation in selective roadside plants.

Keywords

Heavy Metals, Roadside Plants, Morphology, Highways.

Full Text

   

Manish Kumar Jain ¹, Simmi Modi ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Biotechnology, Dr. H.S. Gour University, Sagar (M.P.), IN

Abstract

A plant, such as cotton or soyabean, is considered genetically modified when genetic material from outside of that organism is inserted into DNA sequence. Plants grown from seed harvested from genetically modified plants will also contain the genetic modification. To date, the most common genetic modifications in crops confer an herbicide or an insecticide resistance to the plant. This resistance is achieved through production of a novel protein encoded by the inserted DNA sequence. Detection methods for genetically modified organisms (GMOs) are necessary for many applications, from seed purity assessment to compliance of food labeling in several countries. Numerous analytical methods are currently used or under development to support these needs. The currently used methods are bioassays and protein- and DNA-based detection protocols. The most frequently used approach in the field of genetically modified organism (GMO) quantification in food or feed samples is based on the 5'-3'-exonuclease activity of Taq DNA polymerase on specific degradation probes. To avoid discrepancy of results between such largely different methods and, for instance, the potential resulting legal actions, compatibility of the methods is urgently needed. Performance criteria of methods allow evaluation against a common standard. The more-common performance criteria for detection methods are precision, accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity, which together specifically address other terms used to describe the performance of a method, such as applicability, selectivity, calibration, trueness, precision, recovery, operating range, limit of quantitation, limit of detection, and ruggedness.

Keywords

GMOs, Bioassays and Protein, DNA.

Full Text

     

Surajit Panda ¹, Manish Kumar Jain ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (ISM), Dhanbad-826004, Jharkhand, IN

Abstract

This research presents the study for the evaluation of Land surface temperature (LST) and Vegetation relationship of the Noamundi Iron ore mines areas, West Singhbhum district. The authors are utilizing a geographic information system (GIS) and advance Remote sensing technique to estimate the land surface emissivity (LSE), Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and LST. LST is strongly influenced by the ability of the LSE, depends on Surface vegetation cover (SVC). The experiment has carried out on Landsat ETM+ satellite images for the studies. The maximum LST of the study area are 32.1°c and mean values are 23.99°c as the period of December is winter season but the LST may increase in summer season. Other side the distribution of NDVI values are varying from -0.378 to 0.516. Due to some active surface mines or some non-vegetated surface are situated in the area, indicating high LST. The statistics indicates the strong negative correlation of 0.932 between NDVI and LST. Further, this analysis may use as a part of sustainability model or environmental sustainability Index (ESI) and Human comfort analysis.

Keywords

Land Surface Temperature, NDVI, Land Surface Emissivity, TIR and Linear Correlation.

Full Text

   

Krishnendu Banerjee ¹, Manish Kumar Jain ¹, A. T. Jeyaseelan ², Surajit Panda ¹

Affiliations
1 Indian Institute of Technology (ISM), Dhanbad 826 004, IN
2 Regional Remote Sensing Centre West, National Remote Sensing Centre, Indian Space Research Organisation, Jodhpur 342 003, IN

Abstract

Recent advances in calculation algorithms have led to a new level of image processing for mineral identification and mapping. Mineral outcrop mapping has a decade’s history of using conventional methods like band combintion, band ratioing and relative absorption band depth (RBD) technique. Modification of these algorithms enriches the capabilities of object identification and mapping. Band combination and band ratioing help to locate the distribution of a hydrothermal altered zone. In the current study, an attempt has been made to modify the RBD approach. Newly introduced successive band depth difference (SBDD) measures the difference of reflectance values in successive bands by dividing the sum of the two highest successive shoulders by the shoulder of the lowest value before the starting shoulder. Band math function has been used in various bands of Landsat 8 operational land imager (OLI) data to access the precise distribution of points of the hydrothermal altered zone. SBDD method has achieved a kappa coefficient of 0.86 which depicts significant levels of accuracy.

Keywords

Relative Absorption Band Depth, RGB, Signal-To-Noise Ratio, SBDD, TIRS.

Full Text

   

Ambikesh Kumar Mishra ¹, Manish Kumar Jain ², Suvendu Kumar Dash ³

Affiliations
1 Paradeep Phosphates Limited, Odisha 770 017, IN
2 Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Dhanbad 826 004, IN
3 Department of Environmental Engineering, Institute of Technical Education and Research, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar 751 030, IN

Abstract

Cement industry is a potential anthropogenic source of air pollution. Emissions from cement plants are one of the major sources of global warming. The dusts produced were very hazardous, which affect the surrounding environment. The present study was undertaken to analyse the air quality around a cement plant (OCL India Ltd, Odisha) within 2 km radius for a period of 8 months stating from October 2016 to May 2017 at four different locations with meteorological parameters. The observed values of air pollutants are found within the prescribed standards according to Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB), New Delhi. This is possible because of the initiative taken by industries by installing advanced air trapping devices. The results of this study have been presented in the form of air quality index, where we found the study area in moderate (PM₁₀) and good category (SO₂ and NO_x).

Keywords

Ambient Air Quality, Cement Plant, Gaseous Pollutants, Suspended Particulate Matter.

Full Text

   

Radha Rani ¹, Manish Kumar Jain ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Centre of Mining Environment, IIT/ISM, Dhanbad,Jharkhand, 826 004, IN
2 IIT/ISM, Dhanbad,Jharkhand, 826 004, IN

Abstract

Fly ash is generated during the burning of pulverized coal in coal-fired power stations. In India, large quantity of fly ash is being produced, as most of our energy demand is met through coal based thermal power stations. Some of the problems associated with fly ash are huge amount of land required for disposal and toxicity associated with heavy metal leached to groundwater. Materials having potential for gainful utilization remain in the category of waste till its potential is realized and is put to good use. This paper presents different ways of using fly ash in various sectors.

Keywords

Fly Ash, Coal-Fired Power Stations, Utilization.

Full Text